Saturday, October 24, 2009

Food systems




Our lives are ruled by food. We have to eat or we will die and there are bold facts supporting the idea that our food among other things is contributing to our declining health. It is a silent predator and Middle American housewives don’t have their TVs tuned to Americas Most Wanted food. The truth is that there is little to no education concerning what is going on inside the boxes, cans and pouches of most super market items. They are brightly colored, sleek and shiny and all designed to attract the eye and make us want whatever they are selling. Compared to rows of limp wilted corporate agribusiness fruits and vegetables in the super market, Fruity Pebbles may look like a “healthy” alternative.

Big corporations have facilitated much of this ignorance. Companies that want to make sure you keep buying their product no matter what with ad campaigns that promote the latest “lower fat and fewer calories” product. If a person eats twice as much of the low cal item they are right back to where they started. No one in the corporate food industry has really been looking out for the health of the average consumer; the focus is always on the next quarterly income statement.

If your mother never taught that drinking excessive soda makes your teeth rot and that eating fast food for the majority of your diet will cause obesity and other heart problems how would you know? Unfortunately most Americans are not educated to the dangers lurking in their shopping carts. The products are there for the taking; not properly labeled or regulated. Modern food nutrition labels on the back of food might as well be blank because most folks don’t even know how to read them much less decipher what sodium nitrite means.

If there are warning labels on cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs; why are there no comparative warning labels on foods that are leading causal agents of diabetes, heart disease and obesity? Because knowledge influences buying power and that is the last thing that marketing experts want us to have. Imagine if there were regulations specifying that food packaging had to show the dangers associated with that product. This would upset the meticulous marketing plan of each and every producer of prepared foods. Honesty in advertising has never been a virtue. Perhaps for a time we would be a country scared to buy anything in a package or bottle but the outcome of a different labeling system would eventually be a smarter, more educated purchasing public.

Some people might argue that we live in a free country and everyone has the right to choose their next meal regardless of the consequences. However, I have my doubts that most people would knowingly expose themselves to killers once they’ve been identified. Type-2 diabetes is one of the leading killers that is directly related to our sedate lifestyle punctuated by prepared/packaged food. There needs to be a change in the food labeling and preparation regulations as well as a change in lifestyle of the average American. Already we see many young people with sub standard health due to lack of exercise and poor diet. As these consumers age, they will have a massive impact on our health care system. It’s difficult to quantify the effects but it’s safe to say it will be catastrophically expensive. In addition to the 7.8% of Americans with diabetes, we now know that at least another 57 million Americans have “pre-diabetes”, a condition that can be prevented and controlled by the way we live and the food we eat.

Our country’s school systems have been feeding generations of children food that comes from the same producers as prison food. “Food” that will fill plastic trays, laden with high fructose corn syrup, empty calories and high in saturated fats and salt. No wonder that as young people develop into adulthood they continue to have a taste for things like soda and fast food, that’s what they ate in school and nobody told them it was unhealthy. In the minority are people who live with allergies directly related to the foods they eat and that are present in the products around them on a continual daily basis. The population of children affected by the concentration of genetically modified corn, soy and wheat in their diets has grown. Children that have started to develop such powerful allergies that they cannot live normal lives. The fact is that when you begin to break down each and every box of cereal and every bottle of soda there are lists of ingredients that are all coming from one product. Corn. Corn seems to be in everything. It’s like an invasive parasite on the supermarket shelves of America. While scientifically fascinating what we can produce from this common grain, it is terrifying to think of what we are consuming. Through heavy processing corn is turned into glue, packaging, thickeners, preservatives, sweeteners, fillers, coloring and last but not least corn flour or meal.

The excess of corn in our country did not happen overnight. It was a calculated change brought on in the early 1970s by then Secretary of Agriculture, Earl Butz under President Richard Nixon. When Butz became Nixon’s right hand man, his mantra to American farmers was "Get big or get out!” Using new regulations he told farmers to stop sustainable growing practices and switch to his commodity crop of choice: corn. The role of corn in our country has continued to evolve becoming one of the largest monocrop on the planet and one of the largest sources of food byproducts used in almost everything on the grocery store shelves.

In addition to the commodity crop producers we now have another problem. The chemical companies that bio-engineer seeds that can withstand pests, produce sterile seeds at the end of the season. They also produce herbicides and pesticides that are used to grow millions of acres of corn. With this comes the monopoly that corn holds on small towns and big plots of land across the country. Farmers that are hand in glove with the big government subsidies are unable to use sustainable farming practices or use any other type of seed but the one they are sold at the beginning of the growing season. Unfortunately these farmers become hypnotized by the idea of big handouts and the ease of growing just one crop. They are really just pawns of lawmakers, lobbyists and corporate agribusiness. None of these entities are thinking about the long term, environmental effects that monocroping will have on the earth and their communities.

With big corn comes big beef, another monocrop responsible for more greenhouse gases than the internal combustion engine. While raising cows is not inherently bad, the system that has come to produce the country’s beef has metastasized like a cancer. Feedlot after feedlot of sad, unhealthy cows all fed a cocktail of corn, antibiotics and hormones. Your average steak is filled with these pointless additives. This unhealthy life cycle is not only inhumane for the cow, it means we are consuming the byproducts of corn and other chemical compounds. We are also at the risk of contracting food born illnesses from the mishandling of meat. “If cows who are raised on a feed lot spent the last seven days eating grass the possibility of that animal spreading E. Coli after slaughter would be greatly reduced,” states Michael Pollen in The Omnivores Dilemma. Cows are plains dwelling ruminants that have evolved over time to digest grass, which is their naturally occurring food source. Corn is much more difficult to digest and in a cow’s system creates acidity. A fermentation process begins and gas builds up in the cow’s stomach creating an environment that is susceptible to inflammation and infection.

All of that being said, it doesn’t mean you have to go cold turkey on corn and beef. But it does demand a re-thinking of the way we eat starting with the amount of processed foods and meat we consume. As it stands now, Americans spend about 90% of their food budget on processed food. Processed foods that are the showpieces for companies that produce corn byproducts and fill these processed food with useless, obesity producing calories. If we were to remove corn and all its byproducts from supermarket shelves, it would be astonishing. Products like ketchup, salt, most vitamins, cereal boxes, powdered sugar, most breads, cookies and crackers, fruit juice, crayons, envelopes, ethanol fuel, processed meat, ice cream, cosmetics, pet food, glue and beer would be gone. “I take this one product out of my diet, what do I eat?” This could be panic inducing but it doesn’t have to be. Life takes on a different pace if you choose to buy unprocessed foods that are local and seasonal. Taking charge of your diet and the ingredients in it requires eating less meat and buying sustainable meat from local sources.

But this is not something that many people have been exposed to or have the time to do. Change needs to happen at a basic level in this country. School children should be fed unprocessed food and they should be taught about the food that they’re eating. Knowledge is power and starting at that age helps to ensure that as adults they will be able to make informed decisions about their bodies and their lives.

It’s true that large agribusiness has taken over most of America’s food production but there are changes happening across the country. People are talking and writing about the terrifying effects of international agribusiness and monocrops on global farming trends. Communities in Oakland, Detroit and Queens have started successful urban gardens that provide local seasonal alternatives for the urban dweller who wants to eat well. Chefs famous and non-famous alike are getting involved with the politics of changing the way school children are fed. More and more politicians have taken notice that their constituents are demanding action on a governmental level to protect their rights to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” from corporations who prefer to place profits ahead of public safety and health. And yet that isn’t enough. We all have to take some responsibility to be more aware of the food we buy and eat. There is power in the choices we make every day.

Thursday, June 18, 2009

Kale


Kale a member of the Brassica family, is at times an overlooked gem. In the middle ages kale was a staple food because of its hearty constitution and its ease to propagate.
It is very high in vitamin A an C as well as a source of potassium and Folic acid. When it is young and fresh it is a nice addition to salads.The most tender variety is Lacinato kale, also referred to as dinosaur kale.

Now that its June, Kale is at its most tender and just getting to be big enough to harvest. I found some just harvested bunches at the farmers market from Common ground farm ( Fishkill Ny) they made a great salad.


Kale and mixed green salad for two

Handful of mixed greens, spinach or arugula

5-6 Kale leaves with the stem removed, torn in to bite sized pieces

a handful of home made croutons, (still warm is the best)
toast small cubes of bread in olive oil in a pan until golden brown, season with salt and pepper
shave some Romano cheese on top, a squeeze of lemon and some olive oil, and toss.

Kolrabi, Brassica's love strange love child.

Radishes another lovely member of the Brassica family

Is genetically modified food changing our world?

Science has taken over our plates and our grocery stores. Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) are a silent tasteless enemy. They have affected our world’s farmers and diners alike. What are these hidden Frankenstein’s doing in our grocery stores, our fields and on our plates? Playing with the evolution of plants and nature can be a risky business. Effecting both nature and farmers. It already has affected small farmers due to cross contamination. Most farmers who are growing organically want nothing to do with GMO’s or the use of synthetic pesticide or herbicides in their farming. However, the wind will still carry pollen from a GM crop to that of a farmer’s crop being grown organically. Making it impossible to control its effects on the natural world, or to judge the effects genetic modification will have in the coming years.
In 1998 an employee from Monsanto walked on to the farm of Canadian canola grower Percy Schmiser. They claimed he was growing a stolen strain of their GM seed. The truth was that Percy had saved seed from the previous year, seeds that later were found to contain anywhere from 0 to 68% of GM contamination. Contamination that came from pollen or seeds that had blown from fields of GM canola that was near by. This was just the tip of the iceberg for Percy; Monsanto sued him for patent infringement and damages equaling $400,000, amongst those charges they had ordered him to pay $15- an acre, for 900 acres of tainted canola. Percy and his family endured years of legal battles, ending on March 19, 2008, in an out of court settlement. Percy Schmeiser settled his lawsuit with Monsanto.
Monsanto has modified a brand of seed called “round up read” meaning that even when spraying large amounts of the toxic herbicide on to a crop, only the weeds will die. I can’t imagine this is healthy for human consumption. It also has affected ladybug numbers who have eaten aphids that were found on the “round up ready” plants killing the bug. Through the use of excessive pesticides, super-insects are being created. Ones that is resistant to the chemical pesticides. This is causing more crops to be lost, getting us back to the problem that we were trying to solve. We have come out of this situation with more tenacious bugs and an even bigger problem, plants with unsafe levels of chemicals. Chemicals that were built in to protect the plants are harming us; levels that we cant peal or wash off. In the end studies have shown that increasing the use of pesticides is not decreasing crop loss.
When creating GM plants and seeds, scientists use genetic material from viruses to create seeds that are immune to disease and pests. Scientists haven’t had enough time with these new plants to know how they will affect our bodies or the bodies of animals. Plants are being made with the best intentions in mind for the consumer, longer shelf life and plants that are easier to grow. Scientists are addressing world hunger by creating a strain of rice that contains high levels of vitamins, including beta-carotene.
I’m sure that it seems like an easy fix, and easy solution. But in truth none of us will know what will happen to our genetics when we play with one of the things that keep us alive.
The first genetically modified tomatoes contained genes that made them resistant to antibiotics. These genes spread to animals and people, making it difficult to fight infectious diseases. GM foods are affecting our heirloom and wild crafted plants as well. Around 75% of U.S. processed foods including grains and some cooking oils, contain some part GM ingredients. Growing numbers of non organic products containing corn, soy, canola cottonseed oil, wheat and rice, are contaminated with GMO’s, making it very difficult to avoid GMO’s all together.
The most common misconception made when talking about Gmo’s is that we have been doing this for as long as we have been farming. The truth is that there is a very big difference between the two. Genetically modifying a plant or animal means that the genetic code has been altered, subtracted, or added in order to give it characteristics that it does not have naturally. This means creating something that cannot happen in the wild. (Barrett) Naturally a jellyfish or a flounder does not cross breed with our common tomato. Cross breeding and hybridizations have happened through out time to create stronger livestock, seedless fruit and many types of domestic dogs and cats.
The difference between cross breeding and genetically modifying something is that cross breeding takes two species that are of good genetic strength and breed them with the same species. For example, a farmer has saved the seeds of his prize tomato, which he has, meticulously hand pollinated in a green house every year. At the end of the growing season he save the seeds only of the plants that had high yield and strong healthy vines. The next year he plants those seeds, next to another variety of tomato in a controlled environment, making it possible for the plant to cross breed. This creates a different variety of tomato, which the farmer has created through selective breeding. The same process has been used to breed livestock for over a hundred years. Genetically modifying on the other hand is a different story entirely. GM Is when genetic material has been modified in a way that is not found in nature, or under the conditions of crossbreed or natural hybridization. For example arctic flounder have naturally accruing “antifreeze” genes that prevent the fish’s blood from freezing in the frigged waters, Scientist found a way to pinpoint the “antifreeze gene and force this intravenous in to the molecule of the plant. By doing this Scientists had created a tomato that could to ship longer distances and withstand lower temperatures. (4 examples of genetically modified crops ) As well as prevent a ripening enzyme and slow rot. While this seems like a break through in science we have no idea what consequences will be if GM plants fall through the cracks and begin to reproduce with regular plants.
Through evolution our earth has changed drastically, from dinosaurs to the first humans. This long process has produced plants and animals unique to their species and even to their climate. Today scientists have taken the evolution of our resources in to their laboratory. They may be taking risks that may not be worth taking.

urban farming

When you think of sustainable farming the first thing that comes to mind is not a plot on the top of a city building. But things are changing; it seems for the first time in years the idea of being self-sustainable in a city is not just for hippies or activists any more. Rooftops all over our countries cities are turning green in this new movement.
The change is coming from people of all demographics; schools, Chefs and foodies seem to be the most active majority. For children who don’t get a regular chance at seeing carrots be planted and then pulled from the ground, it can be a life altering experience. While they still may go for the cheetoz later that day, they have the information that may help them make healthy choices down the line.
Gardening in the city is not going to solve all of our problems, but when people begin to make a connection to their food, slowly the ideas will spread and foster change and growth. Gardening in an urban environment makes you appreciate the green spaces tucked in the nooks and crannies. It becomes very evident when planting a window box, a terra cotta pot or a roof top garden that plants are incredible adaptable. For restaurant owners, schools, and residents gardening on a rooftop or a park in a city fosters community and breaks the cycle of the constant concrete jungle. It reminds us that our food really did come from plants, and that the taste difference is overwhelming. Many folks love the idea of sustainable farming and gardening but don’t want to leave the city, by adapting and creating their own green spaces, they have the best of both worlds.
As a student living in a small apartment, as well as being an advocate for sustainable farming and gardening. I have found a creative way to garden in whatever space I can find. Old trash barrels cut down, wooden boxes, terra cotta pots. It becomes a big project to achieve a small yield from my miss-matched garden. It is satisfying to be able to watch things grow and enjoy even a sprig of fresh herbs. It is amazing how having this process, reminds me to think about the types and amounts of a product that I use and where it is coming from. I believe it is an important exercise as an aspiring chef to start and foster a garden, especially if you are in an urban environment. A relationship is formed with the process and with foods that are otherwise overlooked.
For me it is just a surrogate for the time when I can actually be farming, but it is a wonderful exercise.